1:1 צְפַנְיָה.

1:1 כּוּשִׁי: Cushi.

1:4 over Ye·hu·dah: to this day, the land is still full of the shrines, ceremonies, and priests of Ba‘al.  Yahweh will remove them.

1:4 remnant of Ba’al: Catholics.

1:4 idolatrous ones: Catholic priests.

1:5 the host of heavens: the saints of the Church.

1:5 swearing by their ruler: the Pope, whome they call the "holy father".

1:7 fixed a sacrifice: as Yehu fixed a sacrifice for Ba‘al so Yahweh will fix one of pagan priests.

1:7 set apart: the repentant and faithful in Yahweh will be spared.

1:8 princes: the cardinals.

1:8 the ruler: the Pope.

1:8 alien clothes: the robes and vestments of the Roman Church.

1:9 leaping over; cf. 1Sam. 5:5.  The dagon priests steped over the threshold before their false god because he fell on his face there before the ark of Yahweh.  The word dagon is derived from the Hebrew word for "fish".  These pagan priests wore stylized fish hats.   The nearest analogy for the end of days, i.e. the "day of Yahweh" is the priests of the Catholic Church and the Pope wearing this fish head hat called the mitre.

1:10 fishes: dagim.  Allusion to Dagon Priests of the Church of Rome.

1:10 Second Quarter: the fish gate was on the north wall of Jerusalem, so also the Second Quarter was North-West of the Temple Mt.  In this area is located the Via Delorasa.

1:10 hills: hilltops, high places, illicit places of pagan worship.

2:1 nation not desired; the nation that is not desired is Israel , which is hated by all nations.  But in the last days, Israel will the Noah's Ark of the last days, into which all who would be saved must gather.

2:2 decree is begotten; i.e. before the Almighty judges the nations, Israel must gather from its exile together back in the land.   For Yahweh will pour out His wrath on the nations.  Yahweh will allow the false messiah to deceive the nations, and the false messiah will try to deceive even the elect from their inheritance if possible.  But in Israel a way of escape will be made, and there will be deliverance in Zion.

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