Jeremiah 31:33

     33 For this is the covenant binding which I was making with the house of Israel:  After those days, says YHWH, I will have placed my Torah in their midst, and upon their heart I shall write it, and I shall be to them God Almighty, and they will be my people.

      This is the first passage I have done with the Masoretic accent marks from BHS.  Only the stress value of the accents are reflected in the transliteration, i.e. capital letters.   You will notice that some capitals are not in bold type, i.e. /ŦŌ/ in /ŦŌ raaT^hEE/.  This is because /ŦŌ/ is a secondary stress.  The accents also have cantillation values and punctuation values.  Just so the reader knows, none of the text other than the consonants is considered original.   And as we will see below, I have divided the text differently in translation to clarify the meaning.

33 For this is the covenant binding which I was making with the house of Israel:  After those days, says YHWH, I will have placed my Torah in their midst, and upon their heart I shall write it, and I shall be to them God Almighty, and they will be my people.

       It is important to realize that Biblical Hebrew does not have a developed three tense system like Latin languages.   Past, Present, and Future are all relative to the context in Biblical Hebrew.   Modern Israeli Hebrew does have a three tense system, and it looks the same as Biblical Hebrew in form.    The first result of this is that the LORD is not telling us about a brand new covenant that He will make at some point in the future.  The imperfect verb /'ek^h-RŌT^h/ [I was cutting] is not imperfect because it is all future, but because there is something incomplete about the covenant making.   In other words, the covenant promises have not all been fulfilled.   But the covenant binding was made.  Please notice how the Scripture explains this in Deut. 30:1-8:

KJV Deuteronomy 30:1 And it shall come to pass, when all these things are come upon thee, the blessing and the curse, which I have set before thee, and thou shalt call them to mind among all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath driven thee, 2 And shalt return unto the LORD thy God, and shalt obey his voice according to all that I command thee this day, thou and thy children, with all thine heart, and with all thy soul; 3 That then the LORD thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee, and will return and gather thee from all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath scattered thee. 4 If any of thine be driven out unto the outmost parts of heaven, from thence will the LORD thy God gather thee, and from thence will he fetch thee: 5 And the LORD thy God will bring thee into the land which thy fathers possessed, and thou shalt possess it; and he will do thee good, and multiply thee above thy fathers. 6 And the LORD thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live. 7 And the LORD thy God will put all these curses upon thine enemies, and on them that hate thee, which persecuted thee. 8 And thou shalt return and obey the voice of the LORD, and do all his commandments which I command thee this day.

        First the the 'blessing and the curse' must come on Israel, and then they must be scattered to all nations, and then they shall return, and then after all of this, the LORD will "circumcise thine heart ... to love YHWH";   For this reason the text, "After those days ... " begins the next clause.  The part of the covenant about finally writing the Torah on the hearts of all Israel is only fulfilled "after those days" when the "blessing and the curse" have come on Israel.   "After those days" does not refer to some future making of a brand new covenant.   For what is done 'after those days' is merely fulfillment of the original covenant promises!   Therefore, the covenant is only 'renewed' after those days for all Israel.    Of course, in view of Israel's disobedience, renewal requires the provision of atonement through Messiah Yeshua.

Cross references:

Jer. 31:31-32