Daniel's Literal Translation and Commentary
The Renewed Covenant by Daniel Gregg
"Luke 22:20 [And he said unto them, This is my blood of the renewed covenant, which is shed for many]" (DLT: torahtimes.org).
the renewed covenant: η καινη διαθηκη . See comment on Matthew 26:28 where the word is καινὴ lacking. This whole verse is lacking in Codex Beza, many of the Latin Itala, and a significant portion of the Syriac tradition. Looking at the reconstructions in Metzger's Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, one cannot help but get the impression that an ancient theological war was fought over the words and order of the last supper. The text critical evidence certainly looks like the wreckage left over from such a dispute. The book of Luke has the distinction of being the only gospel to be used by the heretic Marcion and his numerous Gnostic followers, who may have even held a majority of Christians in the second century. Variants by Marcion do figure in textual studies. It was he who introduced the divisive titles "Old Testament" and "New Testament" as a way of dividing the Scripture. Divide and conquer they say. Well Marcion was so successful that his new names for the Scripture are still used to this day among Christians everywhere. From the textual evidence, it appears that the battle all went in Marcion's favor in the West, but that in the East he was disputed.
comment: Did Yeshua actually say the word חדשה at the last supper? It is clear from Jer. 31:33 and God's other promises in the Torah to completely sanctify Israel that Yeshua meant the Ancient Covenant (τῆς παλαιας διαθηκης), which is the same as the b'rit olam (ברית עולם) — the "everlasting covenant" (Psalm 105:10; Jer. 32:40; Ezek. 37:26). The most harmonious solution in light of the added words in 1Cor. 11:25 is that Yeshua made two statements, and that the Lukan and Pauline occurrences refer to as second time when Yeshua added the words "as often as ye do this". With or without the word חדשה, the meaning is equivalent. חדשה just puts the emphasis on the eschatological newness of the prophetic promise in the Torah. (DLC: torahtimes.org)
Daniel's Literal Translation and Commentary: (http://www.torahtimes.org/translation/luk2220.html)
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