Sabbath Resurrection: Chapter 6

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THE CALENDAR OF ISRAEL VERSION 3.1 *** By Daniel R. Gregg

§144

* The version of cmoon.c herein adjusts the ELP2000-85 analytical Lunar

* theory of Chapront-Touze and Chapront to fit the Jet Propulsion

* Laboratory’s DE404 long ephemeris on the interval from 3000 B.C.

* to 3000 A.D. The component Source code, which is freeware, can be found on

* Compuserve in the ‘Astroforum.’ The program places the first month nearest

* to the equinox. The new moon is determined by the criteria of first

* visibility at the location of Jerusalem, which is the same criteria used

* by the Jews previous to the Bar Kochba revolt ca. 135 c.e. Between 359 c.e.

* and the 11th century, the Hebrew Calendar was changed by the Rabbis. There

* are plenty of programs which compute this changed calendar. This is not one

* of them. This program answers the need of those of us who wish to observe

* the biblical holy days according to sound astronomical, traditional, and

* bib[2Jlical requirements. Type 12 at the menu for a brief history.

Enter Year (-4140 to 3000): 34 Spring Equinox: 3/22/ 34 22h:13m

Extensive Astronomical Calculations in Progress ...

        * This program adjusts for the coefficient of tidal
        * acceleration which is significant for ancient dates.
        * The Equinox is computed separately for each year.
        * The new moon is never on the day of the conjunction
        * known as the ‘Molad’ in Hebrew. Rather the new moon is
        * on the day of the ‘Hodesh,’ or first visibile crescent.
        * No rules of ‘postponement’ are needed since each new moon
        * is calculated from its precise topocentric relation to
        * the sun, i.e. the angular distance between the sun and
        * moon [AL], and amount of twilight after sunset (quantified by
        * the ‘arc of vision’ [AV] are related to determine if the
        * moon will be visible on a given evening after sunset.

* THIS PROGRAM IS SHAREWARE. TYPE 11 AT MENU FOR INFO.

The Calendar of Israel Version 3.1 Main Menu

(1) Display High Sabbath Feast Days.

(2) Display New Moons for the year.

(3) Display New Moon Astronomical data.

(4) Display Verification Data.

(5) Show Sabbatical Cycle.

(6) Show Jubilee Cycle.

(7) Calendar Principles.

(8) Compute Another year.

(9) Bible Chronology.

(10) Exit program.

(11) SHAREWARE NOTICE.

(12) A brief History.

(13) Ver. 3.1 Update Info.

Enter your choice: 1 The Year is 4174 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).

Passover             3/25/ 34 THR Julday: 1733560
Last High Sabbath    3/31/ 34 WED Julday: 1733566
Pentecost            5/14/ 34 FRI Julday: 1733610
Trumpets             9/ 4/ 34 SAB Julday: 1733723
Day of Atonement     9/13/ 34 MON Julday: 1733732
Tabernacles          9/18/ 34 SAB Julday: 1733737
Last High Sabbath    9/25/ 34 SAB Julday: 1733744

    * Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
      feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
      at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.

    * The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
      user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
      it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
      years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
      the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
      sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 12. . .

All the New Moons of the Year

1. AVIV (Nisan)        WED   3/10/ 34   29 days Jul: 1733545.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar)         THR   4/ 8/ 34   29 days Jul: 1733574.17
3. Sivan               FRI   5/ 7/ 34   30 days Jul: 1733603.18
4. Shoshana            SUN   6/ 6/ 34   29 days Jul: 1733633.19
5. Av                  MON   7/ 5/ 34   30 days Jul: 1733662.20
6. Elul                WED   8/ 4/ 34   30 days Jul: 1733692.19
7. ETHANIM (Tishri)    FRI   9/ 3/ 34   30 days Jul: 1733722.17
8. BUL (Marchesvan)    SUN 10/ 3/ 34   30 days Jul: 1733752.14
9. Kislev              TUE 11/ 2/ 34   29 days Jul: 1733782.12
10. Tebeth             WED 12/ 1/ 34   30 days Jul: 1733811.11
11. Shebat             FRI 12/31/ 34   29 days Jul: 1733841.12
12. Adar               SAB   1/29/ 35   29 days Jul: 1733870.13
13. Adar II            SUN   2/27/ 35   30 days Jul: 1733899.15

     * Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
     * Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
     * All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
     * I have taken the liberty to replace ‘Tammuz’ with ‘Shoshana’
     * since ‘Tammuz,’ (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
     * the ‘Queen of Heaven,’) should not by honoured by a month name.

Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon

1. AVIV (Nisan)        AL: 20.2 AV: 20.2 AN: 7.2 D: 13.0   PR: <7
2. ZIV (Iyyar)         AL: 16.0 AV: 16.0 AN: 7.3 D: 8.6 PR: <7
3. Sivan               AL: 12.2 AV: 12.2 AN: 8.6 D: 3.6 PR: S>M
4. Shoshana            AL: 21.0 AV: 20.1 AN: 6.7 D: 13.5 PR: -2.3
5. Av                  AL: 15.5 AV: 13.5 AN: 7.5 D: 6.0 PR: <7
6. Elul                AL: 20.9 AV: 13.3 AN: 6.8 D: 6.5 PR: -3.9
7. ETHANIM (Tishri)    AL: 24.5 AV: 11.3 AN: 4.3 D: 6.9 PR: -2.3
8. BUL (Marchesvan)    AL: 27.0 AV: 10.4 AN: 2.7 D: 7.7 PR: -2.2
9. Kislev              AL: 29.1 AV: 12.5 AN: 1.2 D: 11.3   PR: -0.4 AMBpr
10. Tebeth             AL: 20.5 AV: 10.6 AN: 7.0 D: 3.7 PR: -7.7
11. Shebat             AL: 23.8 AV: 18.5 AN: 4.8 D: 13.7   PR: -0.5 AMBpr
12. Adar               AL: 16.7 AV: 15.6 AN: 7.1 D: 8.5 PR: <7
13. Adar II            AL: 10.8 AV: 10.8 AN: 10.1 D: 0.7 PR: S>M

      * AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
      * AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
      * AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
      * D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
      * AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
      * PR = notes on circumstances of previous day

Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon

1. AVIV (Nisan)          3/10/ 34 UT: 15h:43m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:43m DT: 2.471
2. ZIV (Iyyar)           4/ 8/ 34 UT: 16h: 0m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 0m DT: 2.471
3. Sivan                 5/ 7/ 34 UT: 16h:18m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:18m DT: 2.471
4. Shoshana              6/ 6/ 34 UT: 16h:37m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:37m DT: 2.471
5. Av                    7/ 5/ 34 UT: 16h:45m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:45m DT: 2.470
6. Elul                  8/ 4/ 34 UT: 16h:33m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:33m DT: 2.470
7. ETHANIM (Tishri)      9/ 3/ 34 UT: 16h: 3m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 3m DT: 2.470
8. BUL (Marchesvan)     10/ 3/ 34 UT: 15h:25m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:25m DT: 2.470
9. Kislev               11/ 2/ 34 UT: 14h:52m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:52m DT: 2.469
10. Tebeth              12/ 1/ 34 UT: 14h:38m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:38m DT: 2.469
11. Shebat              12/31/ 34 UT: 14h:48m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:48m DT: 2.469
12. Adar                 1/29/ 35 UT: 15h:12m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:12m DT: 2.469
13. Adar II              2/27/ 35 UT: 15h:35m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:35m DT: 2.468

      * UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
      * TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
      * The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem

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